Corporate Philanthropy Financial Contribution

Question: Examine about theCorporate Philanthropy for Financial Contribution. Answer: Presentation Corporate altruism incorporates money related commitment and representative chipping in for the improvement of network (Tilcsik and Marquis 2013). The investigation will depict the capacity and contemporary scene of corporate charity. Aside from that, the investigation will likewise efficiently address corporate charity and give instances of current corporate magnanimity models. Different researcher discusses encompassing the adequacy of this term will likewise be talked about in this examination. Different instances of corporate generosity practice will be talked about through different organization models. Conversation As indicated by Bartkus and Morris (2015), corporate magnanimity is the beneficent gift of assets and benefits of a partnership to a non-benefit association. The capacity of corporate magnanimity is comprised of gift of money yet Morris et al. (2013) included that it can likewise incorporate the usage of offices and volunteer of time offered by workers of association. Gift can be legitimately taken care of by the partnership or by roundabout establishment made by the association. It is the demonstration of elevating government assistance to others through altruistic gift of time and assets. Then again, Tilcsik and Marquis (2013) gave an alternate view that corporate Philanthropy is the method of accomplishing social effect through liberal and vital usage of assets, offices, worker time and items or administration for helping network and supporting useful motivations. It advances love for mankind, regular great and improves the personal satisfaction everything being equal. The sorts of corporate generosity container of two kinds in particular coordinating blessing projects and Volunteer projects. As indicated by Muller, Pfarrer and Little (2014), in coordinating blessing programs, partnerships coordinate the gifts made by the workers to the entitled non-benefit association. It relies upon the arrangements of companies. Representatives and bosses both give in a specific proportion to raise support money towards magnanimous projects. Then again, Masulis and Reza (2014) called attention to that in volunteer projects, partnership may not give cash immediately to the association, as they elevate volunteerism of workers to the network in which they exist. Companies give financial awards to the network, where representatives volunteer in normal premise. Gautier and Pache (2015) gave the view that contemporary scene of corporate altruism lies in supporting the networks and encompassing markets. Benefits earned by the partnership are conveyed to the network it dwells for expanding its picture and expanding its probability to make sure about future progression of reserve. The generosity that partnership acquires by corporate charity unquestionably expands the clients intrigue and notoriety. It is the more noteworthy degree towards business morals through helping network towards its turn of events. Backing for network can fortify the nearby monetary of the company, which can additionally be used in the business activity. Then again, Cuypers, Koh and Wang (2015) portrayed the interior accomplishments of an association through corporate charity. In this serious world, corporate altruism can build deals volume of association is it is related with marking methodologies. The positive picture made by corporate charity can make upper hand for companies. Chipping in time in corporate charity expands the work for the association, which can be accessible in different ways. It likewise builds worker assurance when the representatives see that their managers are intrigued to contribute for the improvement of society. Representatives can likewise get took care of time for chipping in the foundation of in the general public. It builds the estimation of the representatives. The contemporary scene of corporate magnanimity can likewise be alluded by explicit help offered by partnership. It brings about cleaner network, expanding open doors for society individuals and boosting neighborhood economy. Raub (2016) gave the view that corporate magnanimity must be engaged by a wide range of associations, as it helps in accomplishing positive picture on the general public. Then again, Szocs et al. (2016) called attention to that in this serious world, worldwide associations are prospering quickly and henceforth worker commitment of such associations is considerably more in contrast with little scope organizations. As opined by Lee et al. (2014), little scope organizations may not end up being quickly developing, however they can contribute in the general public as a gathering. For example, in the event that vertically arranged associations all things considered raise finance, at that point the sum might be no not exactly a MNC. This will eventually help in purcha ser fascination. Kabongo, Chang and Li (2013) have repudiated this as corporate generosity is believed to crash the real objectives of an association. The essential objectives accomplishment might be affected by wrecked morals through corporate magnanimity. Walker and Kent (2013) called attention to that through corporate altruism showcase improvement by notoriety is profoundly accomplished as it expands the buyers intrigue and introduction of companys feeling. While, Bartkus and Morris (2015) have negated this, as corporate charity is suspected to put uncontrolled capital administration and even there is no assurance that the purchasers will emphatically respond to any business offer. In this manner, there is a hazard for the association. Muller et al. (2014) called attention to that organizations that follow corporate magnanimity, gets the help of encompassing markets and networks. Along these lines, organizations will have the option to get economical and settle their future income streams. Nearby monetary achievement can be accomplished however such exercises. Then again, Raub (2016) negated that frequently associations neglect to comprehend where they have to center their corporate generosity. The organizations neglect to comprehend the measure of cash they have to contribute and accomplish the most out of that. Associations must be set up to go through cash, time and intensity of dynamic so that there is no immediate advantages. While contemplating the different perspectives on the creators, plainly corporate magnanimity has both positive and negative effects. Despite the fact that there are inconveniences, however the measure of advantage outstands its hindrances. It can likewise be said that impressive positive business streams just by corporate generosity can't be legitimately estimated. The considerable result is consistently the aggregate type of individual showcasing procedure, corporate social obligation and corporate generosity. At long last, it tends to be said that corporate generosity will bring about improving exposure in the general public yet the greatness will vary. Progressively number of associations needs to contribute in the general public through corporate charity. Corporate Philanthropy ought to be upheld more noteworthy number of company for the advancement of network. Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple presented the program of match representative gift. As indicated by Masulis and Reza (2014), the association coordinated over $25 million worth gift of workers, which at last came about $50 million worth foundations around the globe. In October 2014, the association chose to grow its magnanimous program for remembering all the nations for which it works. As of late, it has broadened its program from US-based non-benefit association to different associations on the planet. Then again, Gautier and Pache (2015) opined that the association likewise presented volunteer award program in which it gives $25 to the representatives of individual association. As per Raub (2016) Google has assorted giving choice in their corporate charity and has overall reach from New York to Germany, UK and some more. In the most recent year, in excess of 6500 representatives of Google chipped in 80000 hours administration and coordinated $21 million of worker gift for 9000 associations in everywhere throughout the world (Kabongo, Chang and Li 2013). With an intension to offer progressed mechanical help to Government, Google gives Code of America having yearly blessing around $3 million for creating metro innovative help. Tilcsik and Marquis (2013) opined that the association gave 5000 Raspberry Pi Computers for giving software engineering training to 25000 Japanese youngsters. As per Bartkus and Morris (2015), in coordinating blessing program, the workers of Microsoft gave $1 billion for altruistic associations. In 2014, the association gave innovative help to in excess of 86000 association 125 nations. The association offered innovative help as far as both programming and equipment. Then again, Masulis and Reza (2014) opined that the association began volunteer match program in 2005 in which the workers got $25 every hour for the non-benefit association for chipping in at any rate four hours. As per Cuypers, Koh and Wang (2015), PepsiCo has started PepsiCorps, which is volunteer coordinating project and places workers from India to Ghana to New Mexico for supporting with corporate giving activities. Then again, Raub (2016) opined that the volunteers of PepsiCo have helped with developing water purging pinnacle for the understudies and educators of a school in Southwest China. In 2009, the representatives of the association started Food for Good in which they served 1.6 million free sound suppers to offspring of downtown. End While finishing up the examination, it very well may be said that corporate generosity is the manner by which enterprise advances government assistance for others through altruistic gift of money or time. It is comprised of money gift however it additionally joins use of offices and volunteer of representatives time. In corporate altruism, enterprises offer money related awards and different offices for supporting the commun

What Is Night Eating Syndrome

What Is Night Eating Syndrome Eating Disorders Symptoms Print Night Eating Syndrome Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment of the Condition By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 25, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 21, 2019 Jill Giardino / Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention In This Article Table of Contents Expand Definition Diagnosis Related Disorders Causes Behavioral Treatment Other Treatments View All Back To Top Do you stick closely to your diet during the day, but blow your diet at night? Maybe you’re never hungry in the morning and have your first meal in the afternoon. If you find yourself eating large quantities of food at nightâ€"even waking up from sleep to eatâ€"you may have a specific eating disorder, called night eating syndrome (NES). Definition People who have NES or are living with someone who has the condition may notice certain clues in the home. You may find messes in the kitchen or missing food, suggesting that someone has been awake and eating in the middle of the night. These are indications that someone in the home may have night eating syndrome. People with NES often eat because they believe that it will improve sleep or help them fall back asleep. People with NES often report mornings with neither appetite nor significant food intake. They commonly experience guilt and shame related to their eating. Diagnosis Night eating syndrome is currently classified as an Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED) by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5). The criteria for NES are repeated episodes of eating at nightâ€"including waking from sleep to eat, excessive consumption of food after the evening meal, and awareness and recall of night eatingâ€"and significant distress or impairment related to the night eating. Additional proposed diagnostic criteria for NES also suggest that at least 25% of food intake be consumed after the evening meal, on average, for at least three months; and that nocturnal ingestions occur at least twice per week for three months. People with NES may binge eat (that is, eat a large amount of food in a short period of time while feeling out of control) or they may just graze. Nighttime Binges and Sleep Eating Individuals with NES seem to have a disruption to their circadian rhythm, the biological process that regulates sleeping and eating patterns according to the natural cycle of light and darkness. In humans, appetite and food consumption tend to correspond closely with the primary hours of wakefulness: meals are generally consumed between early morning and early evening. Individuals with NES retain a normal sleep cycle but display a delayed food intake pattern. One study showed that people who have NES consumed 56% of their calories between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. People who didnt have NES only consumed 15% of their calories during this time. NES was first described in 1955 by psychiatrist Albert Stunkard, who saw it as a behavioral variation of obesity. As a result, it has most often been studied in the context of research on obesity. Compared to other eating disorders, NES has been scantly studied. It is estimated that 1.5% of the general population has NES. It is more common in certain populations, with prevalence rates of 6% to 14% among those who have lost weight and 9% to 42% among candidates for bariatric surgery. Assessment of NES can be made via the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) or the Night Eating Diagnostic Scale (NEDS), two self-report measures. There is also the Night Eating Syndrome History and Inventory (NESHI), a diagnostic interview. Related Disorders People can meet the criteria for NES and another eating disorder concurrently. Studies show that approximately 7% to 25% of people with NES also met criteria for binge-eating disorder. Research indicates that among those with bulimia nervosa, 40% of inpatients and 50% of outpatients reported night eating symptoms. In light of this, NES can be thought of as a specific variant of binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa that presents a disrupted circadian pattern of eating and significant eating during the person’s sleeping hours. A similar, but different, disorder is sleep-related eating disorder (SRED). SRED is primarily a sleep disorder, while NES is primarily an eating disorder. The main difference is that people with SRED eat either while sleeping or while in a twilight state between sleep and wakefulness, and are not aware of what they are doing. They often wake up to find food in their bed and have no memory of having eaten. By contrast, people with NES are fully awake while they are eating and remember afterward.  In some studies, a high percentage of people with SRED  were using prescription  psychiatric medications, which may indicate that these medications  are relevant to the disorder.   Patients with NES often have depression and anxiety. They may also have a history of substance abuse. Drugs, Alcohol, and Abnormal Sleep Behaviors Causes The exact cause of NES is unknown. Some postulate that it involves a hormone imbalance that disrupts eating patterns. It also may develop in response to a pattern of staying up and eating late at night, as can be common among college students. Once one becomes set in this habit, it can be hard to break. NES may also be a response to dieting. When people reduce their food intake during the day and the body is in a state of physical deprivation, the drive to eat later in the day is a normal response to the restriction. Over time, the self-soothing pattern of eating at night can become ingrained. Behavioral Treatment Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one of the most successful treatments for eating disorders.  While it has been successfully applied to NES, only one empirical study has been published. Psychological treatment for NES will typically include both psychoeducation about the condition and self-monitoring to understand the disorder and maintaining factors. It will involve a reduction of dieting behavior. Behavioral interventions common to other eating disorders include meal planning and structuring of regular eating. NES treatment adds a specific focus on shifting eating patterns to earlier in the day to align better with sleep and wake cycles. Breakfast is implemented in order to reset eating patterns. This is a necessary step to breaking the cycle, even though it can be challenging while the night eating is continuing and you have no appetite in the morning. It can be done gradually, with a slow increase of morning meal intake until an adequate breakfast can be consumed regularly. The conflict between sleep and eating patterns characteristic of NES encourages dysfunctional beliefs which can, in turn, reinforce behaviors. For example, a person with NES may feel unable to avoid food at night, be convinced they have to eat to fall asleep, and believe that evening anxiety can only be managed with food. These beliefs perpetuate the disorder, but they can be dispelled through cognitive restructuring and the use of behavioral experiments. When night eating episodes occur, behavioral chain analyses can be conducted to identify cognitive and behavioral interventions to reduce the behavior. After an episode of night eating, you would reconstruct when you first started thinking about wanting to eat and each step that was involved in getting to the food, choosing it, eating it, and then what happened. Thinking about where you could change the typical chain of events along the way and break the chain to produce a different outcome provides guidance for navigating future similar situations.   Breaking the pattern of night eating can be difficult and may require the use of psychological techniques such as making a list of reasons not to engage in the behavior (and reviewing it before bed) as well as installing physical barriers, such as blocking access to the kitchen at night. Sleep hygiene strategies used in the CBT treatment of insomnia, such as sticking to a consistent bedtime and morning awakening time, are also incorporated. How to Fix Your Sleep Hygiene Other Treatments Other treatments for NES include phototherapyâ€" light exposureâ€"similar to that used to treat seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Bright light therapy is believed to affect melatonin, a hormone which helps regulate circadian rhythms. In phototherapy for NES, patients are exposed to bright light in the morning. This treatment targets the circadian rhythm disruption by trying to reset the body clock using light. At this time, there is little formal research on the approach, although it has shown to be effective in two case studies. Psychiatric medication has been the most researched treatment for NES. Although there is little evidence in support for the use of psychiatric medication for the treatment of eating disorders overall, there is some support for doing so in the case of NES, where the circadian rhythm disruption suggests a larger biological component. Medications that have been studied and used include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) including paroxetine (Paxil), fluvoxamine  (Luvox), and sertraline (Zoloft). There are two books on Night Eating Syndrome, one for patients and one for professionals. These books may provide more insight into the condition if you or someone you know is struggling: Allison, K.C., A.J. Stunkard, and S. L. Tier. 2004.  ?Overcoming the night eating syndrome: A step-by-step guide to breaking the cycle  is a self-help guide for people with NES.Lundgren, J.D., K.C., Allison, A.J. Stunkard (Eds). 2012.  Night eating syndrome: Research, assessment, and treatment. New York, Guilford. This is a comprehensive overview of NES for professionals and includes a treatment manual.   A Word From Verywell If you are experiencing symptoms consistent with night eating syndrome, you may be feeling ashamed and reluctant to find treatment. Please don’t hesitate to seek help; eating disorder professionals can help you recover.   Treatment for Sleep Eating Disorders

What Is Night Eating Syndrome

What Is Night Eating Syndrome Eating Disorders Symptoms Print Night Eating Syndrome Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment of the Condition By Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS facebook twitter linkedin Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, is a certified eating disorders expert and clinical psychologist who provides cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren Muhlheim, PsyD, CEDS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 25, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 21, 2019 Jill Giardino / Getty Images More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention In This Article Table of Contents Expand Definition Diagnosis Related Disorders Causes Behavioral Treatment Other Treatments View All Back To Top Do you stick closely to your diet during the day, but blow your diet at night? Maybe you’re never hungry in the morning and have your first meal in the afternoon. If you find yourself eating large quantities of food at nightâ€"even waking up from sleep to eatâ€"you may have a specific eating disorder, called night eating syndrome (NES). Definition People who have NES or are living with someone who has the condition may notice certain clues in the home. You may find messes in the kitchen or missing food, suggesting that someone has been awake and eating in the middle of the night. These are indications that someone in the home may have night eating syndrome. People with NES often eat because they believe that it will improve sleep or help them fall back asleep. People with NES often report mornings with neither appetite nor significant food intake. They commonly experience guilt and shame related to their eating. Diagnosis Night eating syndrome is currently classified as an Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED) by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5). The criteria for NES are repeated episodes of eating at nightâ€"including waking from sleep to eat, excessive consumption of food after the evening meal, and awareness and recall of night eatingâ€"and significant distress or impairment related to the night eating. Additional proposed diagnostic criteria for NES also suggest that at least 25% of food intake be consumed after the evening meal, on average, for at least three months; and that nocturnal ingestions occur at least twice per week for three months. People with NES may binge eat (that is, eat a large amount of food in a short period of time while feeling out of control) or they may just graze. Nighttime Binges and Sleep Eating Individuals with NES seem to have a disruption to their circadian rhythm, the biological process that regulates sleeping and eating patterns according to the natural cycle of light and darkness. In humans, appetite and food consumption tend to correspond closely with the primary hours of wakefulness: meals are generally consumed between early morning and early evening. Individuals with NES retain a normal sleep cycle but display a delayed food intake pattern. One study showed that people who have NES consumed 56% of their calories between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. People who didnt have NES only consumed 15% of their calories during this time. NES was first described in 1955 by psychiatrist Albert Stunkard, who saw it as a behavioral variation of obesity. As a result, it has most often been studied in the context of research on obesity. Compared to other eating disorders, NES has been scantly studied. It is estimated that 1.5% of the general population has NES. It is more common in certain populations, with prevalence rates of 6% to 14% among those who have lost weight and 9% to 42% among candidates for bariatric surgery. Assessment of NES can be made via the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) or the Night Eating Diagnostic Scale (NEDS), two self-report measures. There is also the Night Eating Syndrome History and Inventory (NESHI), a diagnostic interview. Related Disorders People can meet the criteria for NES and another eating disorder concurrently. Studies show that approximately 7% to 25% of people with NES also met criteria for binge-eating disorder. Research indicates that among those with bulimia nervosa, 40% of inpatients and 50% of outpatients reported night eating symptoms. In light of this, NES can be thought of as a specific variant of binge eating disorder or bulimia nervosa that presents a disrupted circadian pattern of eating and significant eating during the person’s sleeping hours. A similar, but different, disorder is sleep-related eating disorder (SRED). SRED is primarily a sleep disorder, while NES is primarily an eating disorder. The main difference is that people with SRED eat either while sleeping or while in a twilight state between sleep and wakefulness, and are not aware of what they are doing. They often wake up to find food in their bed and have no memory of having eaten. By contrast, people with NES are fully awake while they are eating and remember afterward.  In some studies, a high percentage of people with SRED  were using prescription  psychiatric medications, which may indicate that these medications  are relevant to the disorder.   Patients with NES often have depression and anxiety. They may also have a history of substance abuse. Drugs, Alcohol, and Abnormal Sleep Behaviors Causes The exact cause of NES is unknown. Some postulate that it involves a hormone imbalance that disrupts eating patterns. It also may develop in response to a pattern of staying up and eating late at night, as can be common among college students. Once one becomes set in this habit, it can be hard to break. NES may also be a response to dieting. When people reduce their food intake during the day and the body is in a state of physical deprivation, the drive to eat later in the day is a normal response to the restriction. Over time, the self-soothing pattern of eating at night can become ingrained. Behavioral Treatment Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one of the most successful treatments for eating disorders.  While it has been successfully applied to NES, only one empirical study has been published. Psychological treatment for NES will typically include both psychoeducation about the condition and self-monitoring to understand the disorder and maintaining factors. It will involve a reduction of dieting behavior. Behavioral interventions common to other eating disorders include meal planning and structuring of regular eating. NES treatment adds a specific focus on shifting eating patterns to earlier in the day to align better with sleep and wake cycles. Breakfast is implemented in order to reset eating patterns. This is a necessary step to breaking the cycle, even though it can be challenging while the night eating is continuing and you have no appetite in the morning. It can be done gradually, with a slow increase of morning meal intake until an adequate breakfast can be consumed regularly. The conflict between sleep and eating patterns characteristic of NES encourages dysfunctional beliefs which can, in turn, reinforce behaviors. For example, a person with NES may feel unable to avoid food at night, be convinced they have to eat to fall asleep, and believe that evening anxiety can only be managed with food. These beliefs perpetuate the disorder, but they can be dispelled through cognitive restructuring and the use of behavioral experiments. When night eating episodes occur, behavioral chain analyses can be conducted to identify cognitive and behavioral interventions to reduce the behavior. After an episode of night eating, you would reconstruct when you first started thinking about wanting to eat and each step that was involved in getting to the food, choosing it, eating it, and then what happened. Thinking about where you could change the typical chain of events along the way and break the chain to produce a different outcome provides guidance for navigating future similar situations.   Breaking the pattern of night eating can be difficult and may require the use of psychological techniques such as making a list of reasons not to engage in the behavior (and reviewing it before bed) as well as installing physical barriers, such as blocking access to the kitchen at night. Sleep hygiene strategies used in the CBT treatment of insomnia, such as sticking to a consistent bedtime and morning awakening time, are also incorporated. How to Fix Your Sleep Hygiene Other Treatments Other treatments for NES include phototherapyâ€" light exposureâ€"similar to that used to treat seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Bright light therapy is believed to affect melatonin, a hormone which helps regulate circadian rhythms. In phototherapy for NES, patients are exposed to bright light in the morning. This treatment targets the circadian rhythm disruption by trying to reset the body clock using light. At this time, there is little formal research on the approach, although it has shown to be effective in two case studies. Psychiatric medication has been the most researched treatment for NES. Although there is little evidence in support for the use of psychiatric medication for the treatment of eating disorders overall, there is some support for doing so in the case of NES, where the circadian rhythm disruption suggests a larger biological component. Medications that have been studied and used include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) including paroxetine (Paxil), fluvoxamine  (Luvox), and sertraline (Zoloft). There are two books on Night Eating Syndrome, one for patients and one for professionals. These books may provide more insight into the condition if you or someone you know is struggling: Allison, K.C., A.J. Stunkard, and S. L. Tier. 2004.  ?Overcoming the night eating syndrome: A step-by-step guide to breaking the cycle  is a self-help guide for people with NES.Lundgren, J.D., K.C., Allison, A.J. Stunkard (Eds). 2012.  Night eating syndrome: Research, assessment, and treatment. New York, Guilford. This is a comprehensive overview of NES for professionals and includes a treatment manual.   A Word From Verywell If you are experiencing symptoms consistent with night eating syndrome, you may be feeling ashamed and reluctant to find treatment. Please don’t hesitate to seek help; eating disorder professionals can help you recover.   Treatment for Sleep Eating Disorders